Breast reduction can prevent complications from excess breast

The physical attributes in general and the bust in particular, are part of the personality of an individual, in this case a woman, and even give "form" or shape their way of relating to others. However, often can produce both physical and emotional complications.

This is the case of women who have much bust , a situation that its main manifestations include back pain , spinal problems , weight gain and even excessive pain pre-menstual . All of these complicate the activities of daily living, working and performing physical activity. "The first question we always do doctors is how much breast for a woman. In principle we can say that the number is relative, because maybe two Women can have the same size and not experience the same complications.

However, in general, the maximum is 95 cm [37 inches] because they have 100 cm [39 inches] of bust usually bother , "he explained when interviewed by PRO-HEALTH News Dr. Vilma Padin, medical specialist in Cosmetic Surgery and Aesthetic Medicine, president of the International Association of Aesthetic Medicine in Argentina (AIMER) CEMEC and medical director. "What is so measures relative of Indeed, the indications for performing breast reduction surgery arises from the discussion between the surgeon and patient.

Moreover, they are usually women who come to the office asking for the intervention, in most cases because they Find clothing, can not take off the bra, swimsuits fail or are embarrassed and are being charged and jokes . The latter is usually more common among young people and teenagers, "she added. The intervention can be performed at any age , aims to eliminate social inhibition and isolation that having generated much bust. For adolescents, the question often over that side-as-Padin said as the years go motivations are changing.

>> Why give to your daughter breast implants a bad idea "in the middle-aged women, usually the decision is made ​​after having children because the breasts are more flaccid or suffered a lot during the pre-menstrual syndrome. Meanwhile, in women over 50 years, the problem is usually breast enlargement that occurs in some cases after menopause and causes an increase in the weight of them. This can be seen in those women that removed her bra or run the strip have a mark, a sort of groove "explained the expert.

>> Does your body change much after pregnancy? All about 'Mommy Makeovers' What is the procedure? In contrast to the enlargement, ie the placement of silicone implants, breast reduction surgery involves taking certain precautions. Strictly speaking, then, one could say that only shares with the other process controls performed in the framework of pre-operative.

Moreover, both "for" and "after" pass differently. "glandular reduction operation is performed using a wedge-shaped incision that is accompanied by the appropriate skin resection and under which removes fatty tissue and breast tissue, while lifting the bust. All this procedure not only leaves a scar around the areola, but also other perpendicular which is like a T, "explained the expert. "Because the characteristics of the intervention, continued Dr. Padin-after the same post operative needs special care to be indicated for each patient. The aim is that the healing is done correctly. For it is important to avoid the blows, avoid physical activity, maintaining adequate rest (the first 24 or 48 hours in the clinic, which has carried out the intervention), as well as certain movements such as lifting a child or dry hair with a dryer ". "In the post-surgery controls, do remove it points (just 15 days after surgery), and assess the state of the patient. Usually they state that the cut they changed the quality of life in many aspects, not only your clothes look better, but they can walk right over them without the straps hurt the skin. You will improve your self-esteem and confidence ", added the specialist.

10 amazing discoveries about our health in 2011

In 2011 we get out of hand, but hopefully we will be learning much accumulated. Thousands of researchers and scientists spent the entire year stuck in the lab to try to give answers to many of our most common questions, and little by little, here we present the results we most attention. In case you lost them or just want to recap just like us, go here 10 startling revelations about our health.

The average refrigerator has more than 7,000 bacteria E. coli and salmonella seemed unwilling to give truce during the year. Unfortunately, we had a lot to blame ourselves for not properly monitoring the hygiene of our kitchen. And is there, where it should be cleaner than elsewhere, the bacteria found a comfortable home.

>> Watch more stress if graying out the day you looked in the mirror and discovered a handful of white hair you wanted to die . For 2012 would be worth you began to relax a little more and find ways to release your stress.

>> Watch more yawning serves to cool the head by desevelo or boredom, yawn. And if we see someone yawn, we do too. Pere this action seems dull has a purpose clear in the funciionamiento of our body.

>> Check out more pictures female orgasm We know that orgasm is the climax of sexual pleasure, but what happens in the brains of women when they reach the climax? According to one study, an explosion of colors you live up there.

>> Check out more lingerie spreads bacteria in the wash If someone in your family was a victim of hepatitis or gastrointestinal infection, it is time to rethink your routine for washing clothes.

>> Watch more TV One hour 22 minutes robs you of life In 2011 you were flying, and perhaps without realizing it, you also vanished from his hands a couple of years. While watching football on TV is one of the best ways to spend the weekend, it's time to rethink your role as a spectator and practice your favorite sport.

>> Watch more diets forces the brain to eat itself Maybe you lost several pounds and without realizing it, we lost several neurons. Instead of living on a diet all year, begins to adequately nourish your body from now on.

>> Check out more women have sex to lose weight depending on how active they are in bed, this exercise can become one of the best allies of the girls.

>> Watch more Insects in our ears while we sleep? Never in our worst nightmares we would have imagined, but the moths, cockroaches and beetles like to nest in one of the parts of our bodies for hot .

>> Watch more staying up late makes you fat Night owls have more problems with food and calories. So in 2012 is to make us the habit of going to bed early to get our precious 8 hours of sleep daily.

Bedding and discover insect repellent herbal 77,000 years ago

An international team of archaeologists has discovered preserved plant beds and evidence of the use of insect repellent plants 77,000 years ago in a rock shelter in southern Africa. This discovery, which dates back more than 50 thousand years previous reports preserved bedding, offers a fascinating insight into the performance practices of early modern humans in Africa.

The team, led by Professor Lyn Wadley of the University of Witwatersrand in South Africa , in collaboration with Christopher Miller, University of Tübingen, in Germany , Christine Bamford Marion Sievers and also of the Witwatersrand, and Paul Goldberg and Francesco Berna Boston University in the United States , have described the discovery in the journal ' Science '.

The old bed was discovered during excavations in Sibudu, a rock shelter in the province of KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), where Lyn Wadley, a professor at the University of Witwatersrand has been excavating since 1998. At least 15 different layers contain bedding, 77,000 and 38,000 between years. The bedding consists of layers of several centimeters thick compact stems and leaves of reeds, which extend for at least one square meter and a maximum of three square meters in the excavated area. Christine Sievers, University of Witwatersrand, nutlets identified several types of reed used in the construction of the bedding.

The bedding, which is very well preserved, consists of a layer of stems and leaves fossilized reed covered by a thin layer of leaves, identified by the botanist Marion Bamford as belonging to Cryptocarya woodii, the leaves of this tree contain chemicals insecticides suitable for repelling mosquitoes.

The selection of these sheets for the construction of beds suggests that the first inhabitants of Sibudu had a great knowledge of plants surrounding the shelter, and were aware of its medicinal uses. According to Lyn Wadley, "the ancient inhabitants gathered uThongathi reeds in the river, just below the place and available to the plants on the floor of the house. The bedding was not used only for sleeping, but also provided a comfortable surface for the life and work. "

Microscopic analysis of the bedding, directed by Christopher Miller, Professor of Geoarchaeology at the University of Tübingen, suggests that the inhabitants bedding reformed repeatedly during the course of the occupation. Microscopic analysis showed that the inhabitants of Sibudu bedding burned after use. "They burned the bedding used possibly as a way to eliminate pests," explains Miller.

The bedding is also associated with preserved remains of fireplaces and numerous deposits of ash. 58 thousand years ago, the number of fireplaces, bed and ash increased dramatically, archaeologists believe this is due to intensive use. In the article, archaeologists argue that the increase in employment corresponds to the demographic changes of the moment, in Africa 50 thousand years ago, modern humans began to expand out of Africa, replacing the archaic humans of Eurasia , including the Neanderthals.

This discovery adds to a long list of important findings in Sibudu in the last decade, including perforated shells used as beads, bone points, and sharp, probably used for hunting.

Investigate the benefits of mushrooms and oyster mushrooms

Biomedical Research Center of La Rioja (CIBIR) investigate the possible benefits of eating mushrooms, oyster mushrooms and 'shiitake' in overweight patients with diabetes.

This is one of the decisions taken this morning by the Governing Council during its weekly meeting, as announced by the spokesman of the Government of La Rioja Emilio del Río.

So the Minister of Education, Culture and Tourism will entrust the management of the 'Plan of investigation of the effects of the main fungi grown in La Rioja on adipocyte metabolism and its potential beneficial role in obesity and insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes 'to CIBIR.

This "parcel shall be implemented through an agreement between the Institute of La Rioja (IER), the body responsible for funding this research plan and CIBIR 15,900 euros, which will hold its management in 2011 and 2012," said Del Río.

The project's objective is to analyze the effects of fungi such as mushrooms (Agaricus Bisporis), the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and shiitake (Lentinus Ages) may have on the metabolism of overweight and diabetes. Therefore, the work will focus on "the effects of these mushrooms in the metabolism of fats and sugars, important in the development of both metabolic diseases."

The researchers worked with cells in culture, isolated in plastic and kept growing artificially on which experiments are performed to obtain the first results. The experiment is called 'in vitro'.

The CIBIR analyze the molecular mechanisms involved in the metabolism of sugars into fat cells (adipocytes) taken from people with a healthy weight and overweight people. They try to assess the beneficial effect of mushroom extracts on the latter.

"Insulin is a key factor in the metabolism of sugars and their imbalance is responsible for numerous diseases such as diabetes or obesity." Therefore, this study also seeks to "analyze the amount of proteins involved in insulin control and characterize their status both in cells from people with a healthy weight as in obese people." The results will provide information to detail and knowledge of the system unbalanced characteristic of the disease .

Also, statistically analyzed the responses of adipocytes after three mushroom extracts under study and check whether there is differential response depending on the weight of the individual on which are tested and on the deposit type analyzed.

We also compared the effects of three extracts to see which employees mycological presents the most potent effects on the parameters discussed previously in individuals with normal weight and obese individuals. The idea is to confirm that the fungi can restore or improve these parameters are altered in overweight people.

Some premenstrual symptoms improve with antidepressants

Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania found that of 447 women who participated in clinical trials evaluating the use of sertraline (Zoloft) for the SPM, those with symptoms "varied" from physical to psychological,-were the most likely to see an improvement.

In contrast, women with primarily physical symptoms received little help, except that they had severe swelling or severe breast tenderness, said in the journal Obstetrics & Gynecology.

"There is a huge range of symptoms of PMS, and a huge range of severity of them," said Ellen Freeman , research professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia .

Many women have symptoms such as swelling, tenderness extreme breast tenderness, headaches and emotional stress shortly before their menstrual periods. Often, simple is solved with changes in diet, exercise and counter analgesics.

But in some cases, the PMS is severe enough to disrupt daily life and then you can indicate the use of antidepressants known as selective inhibitors of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

Studies have found that antidepressants may help some women with PMS or premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe form of PMS that affect a small percentage of patients.

However, about 40 percent of women who test treatments with SSRIs do not get benefits.

Freeman, who received funding from various manufacturers of antidepressants, said that no SSRIs are approved for the treatment of PMS, but doctors can prescribe for premenstrual symptoms and clinical trials have included women with both severe PMS and PMDD most severe form .

Freeman's team focused on 447 women with PMS or PMDD who were randomly assigned to take sertraline or an inactive placebo. Most had a subtype "mixed" PMS and PMDD, with significant physical and psychological symptoms.

Almost two thirds of patients treated with the drug reported a 50 percent improvement in their symptoms over three menstrual cycles, compared with 42 percent of women who received placebo.

But the antidepressant was less effective in women with primarily physical symptoms.

"His physical symptoms really seemed not to respond, unless they were severe breast tenderness or swelling," said Freeman.

The expert said the study only looked at the action of sertraline, so it is not possible to say with certainty whether the findings would apply to other SSRIs, although it probably is.

Freeman added that as with any medication, a woman should weigh the potential benefits of treatment against the risks of side effects when treated with SSRIs.

One of the colleagues of the author who participated in the research was funded by Pfizer Inc, which markets Zoloft. Freeman received funds from several other laboratories.

The medicated men have a higher risk of impotence

It is known that men with chronic health problems such as hypertension, diabetes and high cholesterol are more likely to develop erectile dysfunction (ED) than healthy men the same age.

But researchers who studied 37,700 men in a large health plan in California found that those who drank three or more drugs had higher rates of ED, according to findings published in the British Journal of Urology International.

"The data suggest that some characteristics of men with multiple medications may predispose them to suffer," said researcher Steven Jacobsen, Department of Research and Evaluation Kaiser Permanente Southern California.

Overall, 16 percent of men who drank no more than two drugs showed moderate, which means that they sometimes had problems getting or maintaining an erection. That compares to 20 percent of men who consumed three to five drugs, 25 percent of men with six to nine drugs and 31 percent of those who drank at least 10 drugs.

It is not surprising that ED was more common in older men, weight, smoking or had health problems like diabetes or hypertension. But even when researchers took into account that, having multiple medications was still linked with increased risk of ED.

The findings were based on questionnaires given to 37,712 men between 45 and 69 years. Overall, 29 percent reported suffering from moderate or severe erectile dysfunction.

More than half of the men used drugs over the last three years. As expected, men with high cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes or depression tended to take more drugs.

Men who drank three to five drugs were 15 percent more likely to suffer than those with less medication, while the probability was doubled among those men who used 10 or more medications.

But the findings do not indicate that drugs themselves are to blame, said Jacobsen.

"We try to control underlying conditions, but we could not take fully into account aspects such as gravity," he told Reuters Health in an email.

But he also said that it was possible, for example, that drugs could contribute to a worsening of ED through interactions with other drugs, although there was no way to know for sure from the findings.

Jacobsen added that although men with erectile dysfunction should not stop taking your medication without first talking to your doctor, could call for a possible reduction of dose or try an alternative treatment.

Dental radiographs may predict future bone fractures

Predicting the risk of bone fractures may be possible through the use of dental radiographs, according to a study of the Sahlgrenska University (Sweden) published in the journal Nature Reviews Endocrinology .

In a previous study, Swedish researchers had already shown that a structure of bones scattered in the trabecular bone of the lower jaw is associated with an increased likelihood of having previously suffered fractures in other parts of the body.

Now they have taken a step further with a new work shows that it is possible the use of dental radiographs to investigate the structure of the lower jaw bone, and predict who is at increased risk for future fracture .

"We have seen that the structure of the scattered bones in the lower jaw in the middle of life is directly related to the risk of fractures in other parts of the body in the future," says Lauren Lissner.

40 years of follow-up

The study began in 1968. During 40 years have looked at 731 women who have made films of his jawbone. The study shows that the structure of the jaw bone was low in almost 20% of women aged between 38 and 54 years, when he conducted the first review, and that these women had a significantly higher risk of fractures.

The study also indicates that the older the person, the stronger the link between the structure of the scattered bones in the jaw and fractures in other parts of the body.

The researchers note that although the study was conducted in women, researchers believe that the link is also applicable to men.

"Dental X-rays contain lots of information about bone structure," says Grethe Jonasson. By analyzing these images, dentists can identify people who are at increased risk of fractures, long before the first fracture. "

Demonstrate the relationship between the thickness of the carotid artery and stroke risk

The team of Neurology, Hospital del Mar (Barcelona) has shown that the thickness of the carotid wall may determine the risk of recurrence of stroke or stroke , as reported by the health center Thursday. The research, conducted over 600 patients who have suffered strokes, points to the utility of measuring the thickness of the intima and media layers of the carotid artery by ultrasound, as an early warning in the probability of relapse and therefore, as a clinical marker of prognosis.

The findings, published in Stroke , help identify high-risk patients and to "focus efforts" on them, as highlighted by the author of the study, Jaume Roquer. "Thanks to the report, the thickness of the carotid artery will become another important element to keep in mind to identify patients most at risk," reiterated Roquer, who stressed the great value of the study to improve prevention.

Experts, who have done this work in the Arctic multicenter study that evaluated potential markers of recurrence in stroke, have a "big step" in the study of this disease, with 7 percent of patients who suffer again a new episode during the first year, rising to 15% if you add cardiovascular events and death.

Childhood obesity can be prevented

Childhood obesity is becoming a major health problem in some countries. Childhood obesity not only causes health problems but can also cause social and psychological problems and, most serious, is linked to adult obesity and a worse overall avalanche.

Fortunately, you can prevent. According to a review of studies, school programs to promote healthy eating, physical activity and positive attitudes toward body image aimed at children aged 6 to 12 years are among a series of interventions that can help reduce levels of obese. "There is now evidence to confirm that these strategies can be implemented to curb rising rates of obesity in children. S e know that doing nothing can lead to an increase of overweight and obesity, especially in some countries , "says Elizabeth Waters, McCaughey Centre at the University of Melbourne (Australia). And author of the study is published in Cochrane Library .

Becoming obese is strongly linked to poor nutrition and physical inactivity, so it's no surprise that many of the programs are aimed at improving one or both of these behaviors.

Positive impact

The studies reviewed varied in the programs evaluated for the prevention of obesity and the degree of benefit identified. However, overall the review indicates that the interventions had a positive impact on body weight. "Our findings show that it is worth investing in programs to prevent childhood obesity, but given the variety of programs included in this review, it is difficult to say exactly which components are best, but we believe the most effective strategies are those that focus on changing environments and not only the behavior of individuals, "says Waters.

Among the proposals are proposed in this paper for programs promoting healthy eating to promote physical activity and body image in school programs, increasing the number of opportunities for physical activity during the school week, to improve the nutritional quality of food provided in schools, paying more attention to activities and support to parents at home that encourage children to be more active, or spend less time watching TV or at the computer, among others.

Fish rich in omega 3 protects cardiovascular risk in young women

Consumption of fish rich in omega 3 fatty acids such as cod, salmon, herring and mackerel, could reduce cardiovascular disease risk in young women of childbearing age , according to research published today in Hypertension .

According to the researchers, women who ate no fish or sometimes did counted were 50% more cardiovascular problems at eight years follow-up period than those who ate fish regularly. Compared with women who ate fish rich in omega-3 week, the risk was 90% higher for those who never or almost never ate fish.

The researchers analyzed data from a population cohort of 49,000 Danish national women aged between 15 and 49. The researchers recorded 577 cardiovascular events over a period of eight years, including five deaths from cardiovascular disease in women without a diagnosis of the disease. In total, 328 events were due to hypertensive disease, cerebrovascular disease and 146 to 103 by ischemic heart disease.

Young Women

"This is the first study of this size that has focused exclusively on women of childbearing age," said Marin Strøm, the Statens Serum Institut in Copenhagen (Denmark). The message of this study, he said, is that although it was thought that the benefits of eating fish rich in omega 3 may not be evident for 30 or 40 years, our study shows that not always the case. "We have seen a strong association with cardiovascular disease in women who still were still in their thirties."

"Men and women share many risk factors for cardiovascular disease, but studies have shown that there may also be gender differences. For example, levels of inflammation, cholesterol and triglyceride levels may have a negative influence on women, "said Strom.

In this study, even women who ate fish only a couple of times a month benefited, but it is noteworthy that the greatest benefit for fish and fish oils should eat fish as a main dish at least twice a week .

Corticosteroids for preterm

The use of corticosteroid therapy before birth in mothers of preterm infants (between weeks 23 and 25 of gestation) appears to be associated with a lower rate of infant mortality and neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 22 months of age, according A study published in JAMA .

"Current guidelines, first published in 1995, recommend the use of antenatal corticosteroids to mothers at risk of preterm delivery between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation, but not before 24 weeks due to lack of data. However, many babies born before this date need intensive care, 'the authors of the article.
The team Waldemar A. Carlo, MD, University of Alabama (USA), has conducted a study to determine whether prenatal exposure to corticosteroids in very preterm infants is associated with improved outcomes including death or developmental disability child neurological 18 to 22 months.

The study included data of newborns with a birth weight between 401 grams and 1,000 grams born between 22 and 25 weeks of gestation. Of these children, 7808 (74.1%) were children of mothers who received antenatal corticosteroids. Of the 5691 children born between 1993 and 2008 who survived until 18 to 22 months, in 4924 (86.5%) assessed the neurological development.

Less frequent

The researchers found that the presence of death or neurodevelopmental impairment was less common in infants who had been exposed to antenatal corticosteroids and were born between 23 weeks gestation (83.4% vs. 90.5%, with no exposure ), at 24 weeks gestation (68.4% vs. 80.3%) and 25 weeks of gestation (52.7% with exposure to antenatal corticosteroids versus 67.9% no exposure), but not those born at 22 weeks of gestation (90.2% vs. 93.1%).

If mothers had received antenatal corticosteroids, the following events have been significantly lower in infants born at 23, 24 and 25 weeks of gestation: death from 18 to 22 months in hospital death, overall death, intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia (a type of brain injury) and death or necrotizing enterocolitis (a condition in which tissue is destroyed part of the intestines). For infants born at 22 weeks of gestation, the only result that was significantly less than was death or necrotizing enterocolitis.

However, the authors caution that " despite the fact that survival was doubled with the administration of antenatal steroids in the entire cohort, it remained relatively low (36%). "

Green tea can help prevent hepatitis C infection

A compound of green tea flavonoid epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), appears to prevent the virus hepatitis C into liver cells, according to a study by the Hannover Medical School (Germany). The finding, published in Hepatology , suggest that EGCG may offer a strategy to prevent this virus reinfection after liver transplantation.

The hepatitis C virus can cause chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma or primary liver cancer. This is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease and a primary indication for liver transplantation. It affects 170 million people worldwide , according to World Health Organization (WHO). Previous studies have indicated that about 2 percent of the world population has chronic hepatitis C and up to 20 percent of the population in some countries. Although the standard treatment with interferon and ribavirin and the latest protease inhibitors may reduce infection in some individuals, a substantial number of patients still do not respond to these therapies.

More drugs

In patients who received a liver transplant due to complications from hepatitis C virus reinfection of healthy donor remains a significant concern. Are urgently needed antiviral strategies directed against the hepatitis C virus in its early stages to prevent recurrence of infection and improve long-term health of patients.

To address this key issue, Sandra and Eike Steinmann Ciesek of the Hannover Medical School, investigated the effect of the EGCG molecule, a component of green tea in preventing the attack of hepatitis C to liver cells. According Ciesek, "Green tea catechins such as EGCG and its derivatives epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epicatechin (EC), have been shown to exhibit antiviral properties and anti-oncogenes. Our study has explored the potential effect of these flavonoids in the prevention of hepatitis C reinfection after liver transplantation, "he says.

The results show that, unlike derivatives, EGCG inhibits the entry of hepatitis C virus in liver cells . The authors suggest that EGCG prevents the entry of virus into the cell by acting on host cells, since the study found that green tea catechins alter the density of virus particles. Pretreatment of cells with EGCG before inoculation of hepatitis C does not reduce infection. However, its application during inoculation inhibits the rapid spread of this virus. In the end, the researchers showed that EGCG inhibits the viral attack, the initial step in the process of infection with hepatitis C.

According Ciesek, "the green tea antioxidant EGCG inhibits the entry of hepatitis C virus to cells, blocking viral attachment and can offer a new approach to prevent hepatitis C infection, especially reinfection can occur after a liver transplant. "

Low in fat and fiber with many children to be healthy adults

Well begun is half done, says the proverb. It is also true for "build" their own health as adults: a study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism has demonstrated that nutrition intervention for adolescents to teach them how to reduce fat and eat more foods rich in fiber has effects very important in the long term. Who soon begins to eat properly, when he grew up, found itself with pressure and blood sugar levels lower than those in the first years of life has an inadequate diet.

STUDY - The study, conducted at the Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia, examined 230 women aged 25 to 29 years, nine years earlier, between 14 and 20 years, had participated in the " Dietary Intervention Study in Children , "an experiment to which had sought to limit the intake of fat below 28 percent of daily calories while increasing consumption of fiber from fruits and vegetables. The purpose of Joanne Dorgan, the coordinator of the new study, was the realization that he had long-term effects this action "decided" on the diet of a group of teenagers, many years later by measuring pressure, blood sugar and body fat accumulated then put the data in comparison with those of young women who, in previous experiments, had constituted the control group.

POSITIVE EFFECTS - "Few women had items such as to assume the metabolic syndrome in place, but by young people who ate a diet low in fat and high fiber intake had pressure and fasting glucose significantly lower than "ex-teen" that were not addressed to a healthy diet - says Dorgan -. This means that diet during adolescence can have significant long-term, with differences that are significant already after ten years, when we are young adults. Now we want to understand whether the benefits of a diet low in fat and many fibers remain even longer, fully-aged adult. " Why a regimen with low-fat is so wholesome guessed: the Western diet (which is approaching with great strides also our power, once soundly Mediterranean), rich in fat and refined grains, is now recognized as a factor that predisposes development of the metabolic syndrome, a "mix" of risk factors that includes abdominal obesity, pressure, triglycerides and high blood sugar associated with low levels of HDL "good". "Our data show that good and lasting results to see just reduce fat intake even slightly, not dramatically, especially if this is associated with a good intake of fiber - the researcher observes -. It is important that good habits are learned early, at the latest during adolescence in childhood or even better. " This is because it is much more difficult to change habits as adults, if we learn from an early age in a healthy way to feed is then natural to have a healthy lifestyle, and will be much easier to follow a balanced diet every day.

The prevention of alcoholism should focus particularly on young

There age to ban alcohol? In 1972 the United States was set at 21 years, a ban which, besides preventing many health problems, saved, according to a study at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis just published in the journal Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research , many lives among young people in terms of homicides and suicides. Not to mention the thrill of road accidents in which alcohol plays an increasingly more devastating: 300 thousand accidents a day just in the U.S. survey just released by the CDC's weekly report, 85% of cases attributed to drunk drivers (5 or more if male and 4 cups or more if female) with an age that in 32% of cases ranges from 21 to 34 years. A threat that causes the circulating every year 11 thousand deaths in accidents and investments of pedestrians, bikers, or cycles.

ALCOHOL AND THE GIRLS - It is, however, emerged as a new and somewhat unexpected to be involved are mostly women, particularly those born in the '60s who began drinking before the age of 21, arriving at the age of the fateful ban when it had already weaned drinkers, a phenomenon which, according to another study of the Duke and the University of California published in Developmental Psychology , comes earlier age if the development comes soon. Researchers at Washington University have calculated that in the United States to prevent alcoholism in young girls could be avoided every year about 600 homicides and 600 suicides. A warning for parents to be vigilant, however, taking into account that what really seems to work in these cases is never to start drinking alcohol, even under their supervision.

HOW TO BEHAVE IN FAMILY - University of Minnesota study published in the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs , it indicates that the only effective control is to not let minors drink freely at home even in controlled environments such as social occasions, because then attempts to inhibit them end up having the opposite effect. Rather than representing a rite of passage into adulthood and a way to teach adolescents to behave responsibly towards alcohol, allowing them to also drink under the supervision and guidance of adults can route them to a future inability to control himself, ending with the behavior to encourage rather than inhibit drinker. It remains then a last chance, another factor appears to be effective the influence of the partner: if a girl finds a boyfriend who does not drink will be positively influenced to not raise the elbow to turn. The study has demonstrated the Pennsylvania State University published in American Sociological Review that, for two years examining 449 pairs of students, this beneficial effect was observed mainly on males by women.

The foods that make your smile brighter

To keep your teeth white and bright smile, you must also pay attention to what is in the pot. By the American Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, in fact, come specific recommendations on what to eat to avoid damaging the whiteness of the teeth. If it is true that it is often what you eat and drink to yellow or darken a smile, it is equally true that some foods can help maintain a healthy and white teeth. Fruits and vegetables such as crunchy as apples, cauliflower, celery, thanks to their mechanical action helps to clean teeth while chewing. Not only that, promoting salivation, these foods protect against acids that damage tooth enamel. Another cure-all for the smiles are dairy products, valuable source of calcium that strengthens and lactic acid that protects against tooth decay. A piece of Parmesan, then, hard cheese, also helps to remove food particles remaining in the mouth.

Who keeps showing incisors and canines blameless , however, should stay away from coffee, tea, sugar-sweetened beverages, soy sauce, wine and even the blueberries with their "threatening" purplish. Not to mention also one of the main culprits of a yellowish smile tobacco. "The small tricks at the table, if taken regularly, - said Raymond Garrison, American dental institute - would avoid resorting too frequently to whitening procedures that may make your teeth overly sensitive and damage the enamel." Drawbacks, however, can be minimized if to give back to the white smile you go to dentists experts because, prior to any treatment, make sure that teeth and gums are in place. Bleaching can be done only because of a healthy mouth.

About bleaching is then stated that by the end of October a directive of the European Council tightens rules for the sale of whitening teeth. Member States have until October 30, 2012 to reflect the norm, beyond that date products to restore the splendor smile that contain from 0.1 to 6 percent hydrogen peroxide (hydrogen peroxide, the main component of the gels used whitening treatments) may only be sold by dentists. Remain available in pharmacies only those with lower concentrations. However, although the whitening products are used at high concentration, the experts urge not to have too many illusions: the final outcome of treatment is not equal for all and not always reach the ideal white. It depends very much on the starting color of the teeth and what has caused the loss of brightness of the smile. Stains caused by aging of natural teeth, coffee, tea and tobacco are easier to remove. In contrast, those that occurred for a prolonged use of drugs, such as the antibiotic tetracycline or excessive fluoride intake, are a bigger challenge for the dentist. It is always better, therefore, seek the advice of an expert who will know how to choose and recommend the type and duration of treatment best suited for every smile. Tooth whitening is not forever, then, why give good results should be repeated, according to the National Association of Italian Dentists, every two years. Between sessions and other experts strongly recommend: Follow proper oral hygiene. And eating foods "right".

When should I eat frozen vegetables

Also because of the fast, frozen foods are increasingly on our tables. According to a survey of the Italian-Astarea frozen foods, are consumed by 92% of Italians. Among the products on the rise, there are also the most healthy, like vegetables and fish. But if, for the latter, the frozen is often a forced choice, in the case of plants, can be found everywhere and in all seasons, it would be better to focus on fresh ones? First, a clarification: the nutritional value of food depends only partly suffered from the treatment (in the case of frozen products, a brief blanching to inactivate enzymes that degrade the product, followed by an ultra-fast freezing) are in fact other elements that come into play. Much depends on the variety of the plant (often used varieties for the fresh and frozen) and the degree of maturation of the crop at harvest.

The products are processed when they are frozen at the peak of maturity , which is the highest nutritional value (especially vitamin A LOOK AT THE TABLE ), while fresh vegetables that need to "travel" are often picked unripe. Count also the area of origin and the time between harvest and consumption, and this applies even more for the fresh frozen. In summary, we can say that, while stable for some substances, such as minerals, fiber, carotenoids, no significant differences between fresh and frozen, the situation is different for other substances, first of all the vitamin C that, for its "sensitivity" is often used as an indicator of the nutritional value of the maintenance of a plant. A vegetable or a legume fresh ripe and freshly picked has no equal, but since the "fresh" is often less fresh than we think, the frozen may have a higher nutritional value. "If you are not sure that you have really fresh food - confirmed Paolo Simonetti, a professor of nutrition at the community DISTAM-University of Milan - the frozen is definitely a good choice, since it provides nutrient inputs comparable with the best product cool. The only care to follow is to distinguish the frozen products "natural", like vegetables, compared to products already cooked and ready for use, which often have too much sodium. "

That disease "on" the skin but not limited to "the" skin

A school of atopy. The idea of ​​Carlo Gelmetti, director of pediatric dermatology at the Hospital Foundation in Milan, is now in its fourth edition. School for specialists, but also for those who must live with a disease on the increase. Food in the foreground. Cow's milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, wheat, fish, crustaceans, molluscs, some fruits and vegetables. They are the "enablers" most common in children and adults can cause allergic reactions. The most common manifestation of atopy is the atopic dermatitis or atopic eczema, a very annoying problem in Italy affects over 1 million children from 1 to 18 years and 1-2% of adults. "And 'a genetically determined - remember Gelmetti - often associated with allergies such as asthma and allergic colds. In 60% of cases the onset occurs during the first 2 years, rising to 90% of cases in the first 5 years of life. Then atopic dermatitis tends to regress spontaneously, although in 50% of cases persists after puberty and 10% in adulthood."

DIAGNOSIS - The diagnosis is based on a thorough clinical examination to exclude other diseases such as scabies, fungal infections or lymphoma of the skin, while for the treatment today focuses on immunomodulatory drugs for local use (more tolerated than the old cortisone), and rules on phototherapy hygiene, environmental and food. "Atopy is the disease of an organ but rather a defect of the membranes that surround our" border ", as the skin is the boundary between" external "and" internal "and easily comes into contact with a number of allergens, so it is also for the lining of our intestines. The fact that these membranes are called the skin, intestine, conjunctiva, bronchi or whatever, in the past, complicated and artificially fragmented understanding and treatment of a single phenomenon. Today, more clear the basic concepts of atopy, which for too long have fluctuated between a purely primitive view of a subsequent clinical and immunological alone, "continues Gelmetti.

DURING NEONATAL - neonatal phase is particularly critical in the improvement of mechanisms of mucosal defense. The period following birth is characterized by an immature state of the barrier system is exercised by both the mucosal immune system in general. This explains why there are a number of simple rules in the introduction of various foods, based on the child's age, the amount and temporal patterning of food and introduced to the structure and composition of the proteins contained in foods. Food allergens are proteins that can react with IgE antibodies specific class. However, in both children and adults are relatively few foods that cause allergic reactions by using these antibodies. The most common are: cow's milk, eggs, peanuts, walnuts, soybeans and wheat, in childhood and peanuts, tree nuts, fish, crustaceans, mollusks, fruits and vegetables in adults.

SAVE THE SKIN TIPS - To prevent relapses, here is the skin-saving tips to follow: wash with detergent at pH 5.5; always apply creams and emollients lipidizzanti (specific products, it is necessary for antibacterial action); avoid contact with chemicals sensitizers (detergents, cleaning products, solvents), wear cotton, linen and silk smooth (avoid contact with wool, synthetic fibers and rough); choose sofas and beds without pillows, avoid carpets, overheated rooms, exhibition the cold, sudden temperature changes and too much moisture, does not undergo excessive physical labor, avoid irritating foods such as tomato, Parmesan cheese and citrus. Go ahead then to the holidays at high altitude (dust mites do not survive beyond the 1,500 meters), biofeedback (stress can exacerbate the disease) and sports like swimming, without creating excessive sweating.

Syrups and sedatives should never be taken at random

Dry, oily, metallic, whooping: there are many types of cough. The important thing is do not underestimate it, but try to understand the causes, because the only way you can fight properly. "The cough is a reflex of defense in an explosive way to remove an irritant from the airways - Giorgio Walter Canonica says, director of the Clinic of Allergology and Respiratory Diseases, University of Genoa, at the Hospital San Martin -. Usually occurs during the cold months and depends on viral infections. The occasional episode (acute cough) no cause for concern over 5-6 days go by yourself or with the help of common anti-cough, of which but one should not abuse and that is good to take only after consulting your doctor or pharmacist."

The cough may be the important indicator of disease?
"A persistent cough for many years was considered an alarm bell of asthma, in reality there are other causes, including gastroesophageal reflux and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the case of reflux cough is due to irritation of the respiratory mucosa caused by rising material acid from the stomach to the throat. COPD is a disease in which the respiratory capacity decreases gradually for chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both. If you suffer from - often smokers or former smokers - has a chronic cough, phlegm and breathing difficulties. But chronic cough can also be the indicator of lung cancer, especially if undergoes changes, for example, fat becomes dry or vice versa. "

As you can understand the cause of cough?
"If it is dry and has arisen recently is likely to be caused by respiratory infections, but may also be a side effect of the drug, for example of ACE inhibitors. The cough, sputum with yellow-brown, is characteristic of COPD and acute bronchitis, and if the cause is asthma cough can be either dry or oily, but the sputum is clearer to the absence of germs. A cough and metallic barking is often a sign of tracheal disease, while the whooping , particularly in children, may be linked to pertussis. If the cough lasts for a long time or is repeated often is always good to investigate, for example, allergy testing, spirometry or specific tests if we assume a gastroesophageal reflux. "

How is treated?
"At the first hint of a cough is not necessary to hit the ground running with the widely popular syrups, used too often superficial, thus increasing the risk of side effects. The antitussives, for example, if used correctly can inhibit the cough reflex, facilitating the accumulation of secretions in the bronchi which results in increasing the risk of infecting. Rather, if the episode is not resolved within a few days, best to consult your doctor to understand the cause and take action at the root. "

The strongest ally of cancer is smoking

The Cancer Research UK has launched the largest study ever done on the cancer and its causes, which is credited with having investigated in depth the relationship between lifestyle and propensity to fall ill with cancer. And Max Parkin, the epidemoiologo who led the research, is very explicit: 40 percent of cancers can be prevented is not in the genes, nor is written in destiny.

RECOMMENDATIONS - just to avoid cigarettes and alcohol, weight control (especially the ladies) and reduce exposure to the sun. And remember to eat fruit and vegetables (especially good advice for men). The research, published in British Journal of Cancer , says that 4 out of ten cancers are due to their habits of life and the destiny of human beings is in their hands, sometimes more than one is led to think. In essence well 134 000 cancer diagnoses each year in Great Britain would no longer exist if the style of life follow some basic rules and be accurate 40 percent of females and 45 percent of males do not get sick.

ALL THE SINS OF BAD HABITS - The number one enemy of health and the most faithful ally of the tumors confirmed to be the cigarette. At the top of the list of causes of cancer are in fact the smoke, which causes the disease in 23 percent of men and 15.6 percent of women. Following the trend in overweight females. In particular, breast cancer is often correlated with the excess weight and obesity in general determines the 5.5 per cent of cancer and in particular the 6.9 per cent in women (10,800 diagnoses) and 4.1 per cent in the male population (6,500 diagnoses). Alcohol is directly involved in 4 percent of cancer and particularly in the 4.6 per cent of cases among men and 3.3 per cent of cases among women. The absence of fruit and vegetables in the diet is responsible for 6.1 percent of male cancers and 3.4 percent of those women. Overall, therefore, a diet low in fruits and vegetables and too much salt is in charge of 9, 2 tumors of one hundred.

MINOR ENEMIES - The list of accomplices of cancer is still long and there are many other behaviors or conditions in direct connection with cancer . Just think of the human papilloma virus, common cause of cervical cancer (cancer that begins in the cervix point), lack of exercise, the work in contact with harmful substances, hormonal therapy and radiation. Fourteen environmental and behavioral factors combined together are able to determine the disease in thousands of cases and the stronger role is exercised by the trio alcohol / smoking / diet, because 34 percent of the cases of the disease. A good reason to say goodbye forever to stop bad habits and always talks about genes or bad luck.

It is very useful to measure the pressure when standing?

I have over 80 years and I have pressure problems that led me to ask me some questions, so far remained unanswered. Can you help you? Here are my questions: What is the orthostatic hypotension? It is important to check the pressure while standing, and if so, why physicians (both family and those who work in the hospital) never do? An elderly patient how he misurasela standing alone? The treatments for hypertension are really? And if you do not care what might happen? Finally: hypertension is more risky to be old and young?

Responds Gaetano Lanza , medical director of Cardiology, Policlinico Gemelli in Rome

The term orthostatic hypotension indicates a fall in blood pressure that occurs when a person stands up. More precisely, a reduction of at least 20 mmHg in systolic blood pressure (the "Maximum") and / or at least 10 mm Hg diastolic (the "minimum") occurring in the first 3 minutes after the upright position. If the pressure gets too low, orthostatic hypotension does not cause problems, but if the pressure drop is significant symptoms appear, such as dizziness, blurred vision, confusion, loss of consciousness (syncope), due to a reduction of blood flow the brain, which are resolved quickly, however, lying down. A syncope, orthostatic hypotension, therefore, does not ipso facto consequences. However, if this results in a fall on the ground can also cause serious trauma to the patient. It 'should be emphasized that, in case of syncope, it is important to exclude causes other potentially serious (such as cardiac arrhythmia), which could put at risk in the future life of the patient.

Orthostatic hypotension is in most cases a problem of old age , when the reflections that prevent a drop in pressure in the feet are less swift and efficient. It can also be enhanced by antihypertensive drugs, once again, especially in older people. At the time of initiating antihypertensive therapy (and subsequent controls), when it comes to people who came to old age, so you should always measure the pressure in orthostatic position to make an informed choice of drugs and doses to use and avoid the onset of orthostatic hypotension. The rarity of cases of orthostatic hypotension in younger people means that, in general, doctors do not submit to this control, unless there are complaints that suggest an opportunity. However, the orthostatic hypotension can be easily detected by any patient, even older. All you need is an automatic blood pressure monitor and measure the pressure first and then sitting down in the first 3 minutes after taking the orthostatic position. How to care for hypertension, there is no doubt that they serve. A high pressure for a long time can cause damage to various organs (heart, kidney, brain) and maintain the pressure within normal values ​​(under 140/90 mm ​​Hg) significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly stroke. To come at the last question, is risky hypertension in the elderly as in young people, so should always be treated. In patients who become hypertensive over 80 years, however, consider a less aggressive treatment, starting, for example, a therapy only for values ​​above 160/90 mmHg.

Half of men over 50 suffer from this problem

Although the symptoms are obvious and very annoying, often visiting the doctor and the diagnosis is delayed. And although half of men over 50 have prostate problems that impede the emptying of the bladder , few dare to talk about it and give solution. So although there are alternative therapies, pharmacological and surgical help decrease pain and slow the progression of the disease known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), only 30 percent of them receive treatment.

The disease affects 50 percent of men over 50 years and 90 percent of what we already passed 90. BPH symptoms include pain and discomfort that disrupt sleep and affect the lives of sufferers. What happens is that the prostate grows and obstructs the emptying of the bladder, mainly because the prostate obstructs the passage of urine. And as the picture gets worse, come the complications caused by acute urinary retention.

Hence, many men have to enter the hospital and undergoing bladder catheterization procedures and surgeries . "For many years we have alternatives that allow us to treat this condition before reaching the surgical request . We basically two types of drugs: alpha-blockers, whose action moves to relax the muscle of the prostate to improve the flow of liquids, and inhibitors of 5 alpha reductase, which act by blocking the pathophysiological mechanism of BPH, which is increased due to the action of testosterone, the male hormone, "he explained when interviewed by PRO-HEALTH News Dr. Gustavo Garrido, a specialist in urology. In general, small prostates, ie those with less than 40 grams or 40 milliliters of volume-responsive to the first, while the larger ones tend to have better results with the second option. "However, today we have the possibility of combination therapy for alpha-blockers are fast-acting, while the other drugs act more slowly.

So we can get in 24 hours the patient experienced relief of their symptoms, and then with time shrink the prostate and slow the progression of the disease , "said the specialist. " surgery , then, is used only in the 'absolute indications' . This means that we proceed when the patient is at risk of death from repeated infections. In such cases no or yes to operate. There is also another group of patients going to operation . are those who compose the group of 'indication of' composed of those who want a better answer than that obtained with the drugs ", added the specialist. "Patients are consulted, especially those experiencing symptoms, as these are very annoying. But of course when the symptoms are not so obvious, consultation and therefore the diagnosis is delayed. That's something you have to start to change, "concluded Dr. Gustavo Garrido.

Gossip' with friends is good for health

We can be criticized for it and sometimes we may feel guilty about what we say, but the reality is that gossip is good for us. According to new research, these talks with the friends we grow closer to them at the same time reduce our stress and anxiety.

According to the results of a survey released by Marie Claire , 85 percent of women like to receive news' juicy 'and 1 in 10 girls admit that they find it difficult to keep a secret.

"Gossip raises levels of positive hormones like serotonin , which reduces stress and anxiety, "says psychologist Colin Gill. "When we gossip, we we interest to what others have to say and vice versa, and to form bonds with them we are happiest, releasing those chemicals that provide wellness, "adds Dr. According to the expert, a good gossip session usually involves a lot of laughter, something it also works as an exercise for women .

And those are not the only benefits of gossip. The psychologist explains to MC this is one of the oldest habits of social groups and is as necessary as it was in the stone age.

"It's a great way to discover what types of behaviors are socially acceptable in your group , "says Dr. Gill. "If someone raises an eyebrow when you said something about another person, you modify your behavior accordingly." So girls, if the day have found it heavy and need something to encourage them, convened an afternoon coffee her friends! Learn a new contraption will come in handy ...

Having trouble getting out of bed in the morning? It is because of your genes

I think nobody is excited about the idea of getting up when it is dark, but while some can get out of bed early in the morning, others will say that this is simply impossible. The latter, they say need more sleep and tend to remove the covers later.

According to a new study, his taste for sleep is because of their genes . A European research revealed that those with a genetic variant, called ABCC9, need about 30 extra minutes of sleep each night than those without the gene . This was published BBC . The scientists note that this finding may help explain the "sleep behavior" in humans, and that more sleep is not only due to laziness.

But how does it impact on our need for sleep ABCC9 gene? As explained in the BBC site, the gene is involved in the detection of energy levels in the body cells. 's sleep or getting enough sleep has always been a subject of study, because the rest has a relationship closely with health. Another recent study found that sleeping too much is dangerous for the heart , so that even the owners of the gene ABCC9 should respect a reasonable time schedule and sleep. Remember that any excess is bad.

What is bad breath and how to combat

How can you tell if you smell in the mouth?

Cover your mouth with a tissue and blow. If you notice any unpleasant smell, look for a solution.

The halitosis is a problem that is intensified by stress, sinus disorders, mouth sores, tooth decay, gum infections and the snuff. It may even be a result of excessive dryness in the mouth. He also said that bad breath can be caused by gases released from the intestine and absorbed through the lungs, this theory is contradicted by several specialists who only attribute it to problems in the mouth. Whatever the cause, we want to always have fresh breath and every time we talk, what TV commercial, get out of our mouths ... roses and jasmine.

There are several types of bad breath: 

• Idiopathic: There is no known reason why such symptoms occur.

 • Depending on the weather: 

a. Exentual: The patient is free of halitosis.

b. Flashing interval is characterized by alternating presence and absence of halitosis.

c. Continuing: No interruption in the presence of halitosis in the patient.

• According to the odor emitted: 

a. Specific: The aroma released is a type of specific odor, for example: Alcohol, urine, acetone, etc..

b. Nonspecific: Can not be determined that the smell emitted by the patient belongs to a particular type of smell, for example, decaying organic materials.

REMEDIES:

1. Use a toothpaste with chlorophyll.

2 . Take a drink of water dilute liquid chlorophyll in the morning.

3. If the halitosis is caused by inflamed gums, make an appointment with your dentist and fix the problem

4. When brushing your teeth, do not neglect your tongue, because Just as food debris accumulates.

5. Watch what you eat, eliminating spicy foods.

6. Replace the toothbrush every month and floss after brushing.

7. A home remedy is to chew a piece of lemon after meals.

8. After brushing your teeth, rinse your mouth with warm water and a pinch of baking.

Have lots of sex may discard as organ donor

People who have had two or more sexual partners in the past 12 months could be ruled out as organ donors for being too promiscuous , according to new health guidelines established in the United States. The motion, proposed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), aims to reduce the chance of accidental contagion of infections that threaten life, such as HIV and hepatitis B and C .

However, the changes in these guidelines have sparked debate and experts in organ donation, they fear that these rules result in the loss of potential donors. "With the new guidelines, each student in the United States will be at high risk," says Dr. Harry Dorn-Arias, transplant surgeon at the University of Virginia. But Dr. Matthew Kuehnert, director of the office of blood, organs and tissues of the CDC, defended the proposal saying, "It is oriented to the patient, so that they know everything possible about the organ that has to transplant.

"Official figures show that more than 28.000 organs are transplanted each year in the U.S., with more than 112,000 people on the waiting list to receive an organ from a donor .

Overcome Social Anxiety

Socializing is part of the holidays and some people may find challenging, especially if you suffer from social anxiety. Being in crowded situations or find yourself without anything to say, may be part of this difficulty.

Here a Hint of Anthony Martin, a professor of psychology at Ryerson University in Toronto: When you talk. Smile and make eye contact. Introduce yourself accessible and open to talk. Join a conversation already in progress, preferably with a group to discuss topics that interest you. Ask questions and pay attention to the answers.

Do not avoid the holidays. The avoidance of situations that create discomfort, just cause your anxiety increases over time. If you're shy, talking with others can be difficult, but it will get easier if you practice "being social".

Accepts anxiety. Trying to fight your anxiety, you can do worse. Accept their feelings of discomfort and put into practice the tips to make conversation to have a good time.

The office parties can be especially stressful. Remember that these meetings are not only fun but try to aim to help you advance and share with superiors and colleagues in a relaxed environment.

For office parties Anthony recommends: Check the dress code with the organizer or someone who has attended the previous year. If in doubt, dress professionally. Greet your boss and other superiors and wish him happy holidays. Make sure your boss sees you at the party and remember talking to you. It might help in future opportunities. Try to cultivate new relationships at work. Use the holiday as an opportunity to establish contact with other departments or partners. Before leaving, say goodbye to your boss and upper and express your gratitude to the organizer of the party.

The meaning of your dream holiday

I love knowing that Christmas is just around the corner and, of course, your house is completely decorated . Are you planning every detail of the Christmas dinner and trying to fill as soon as possible your gift list . It is completely normal in the midst of carols, lights, color and aroma of winter, to appear in your dreams Christmas items. But you know what is dream about this or that, here's a list 20 objects or situations related to Christmas and its meaning:

Embrace: If you embrace your friends or family, means that this season, despite the stress may arise from the planning meetings, there is only love and peace among yourselves.

Coats: It would be logical to think that it is an indication that you will not go cold during the winter, but this garment dream that will actually represents the support and shelter of a friend to everything you need.

Aguinaldo: We all want that little extra money, but this dream means you will receive a gift that will make you very happy.

Cod: It just means that you're dying to eat your delicious meal grandmother, but reaches a prosperity never dreamed of.

Toast: We know that looking forward to the time to uncover the cider, but providing a symbol of joy at the birth of a child aide you.

Scarf : It's time to strengthen your immune system , because I expected a nasty flu.

Bell: The Christmas symbol promises you lots of fun in a meeting with old friends. If the dream is ringing the bell, means you have good luck or receive any gratuity.

Fireplace: If you only see it, it means that your parents will continue supporting you in that much-needed. If you're heating with fire, a good friend will lend their support or comfort.

Deer: If you see or what you are hunting, it's time to stop meddling in that case that does not love you.

Meltdown: The Christmas spirit will invade the person to whom you loved in secret and eventually correspond to your affection.

Stars: If you look at the sky for Santa's sleigh and instead you stumble upon a bunch of bright stars, this is an omen of happiness, prosperity, love and health.

Gloves: If you're wearing, go ahead, your Christmas will be truly happy.

Hay: If it looks fresh and beautiful, I hope to succeed, success and money.

Indigestion: You have not stopped thinking about everything you'll to eat Christmas dinner, but this dream is a warning to avoid them overdo it and hurt your stomach.

Winter: If you dream now that the cold is affecting you, it's time to take care of your health to avoid falling sick during celebrations.

Toys: For years, Santa does not leave anything in your boot, but if you see yourself surrounded by toys, is a wakeup call in advance to avoid any mischief do that then you might regret.

Christmas celebration dream as such also presages the arrival of a new baby.

Snow: Rejoice, that this only means that the person you love is completely faithful.

Posada: That trip you are planning to Christmas will be very fruitful.

Cards: Stop feeling sad, that means that rather strange friend who has been remembering you.

One has to worry about fainting?

To whoever may happen to pass out here because it is good to know what are the warning signs - present in about 70% of cases - and the precautions to be taken. Fainting, or syncope, in most cases is not due to serious causes. "It is a transient loss of consciousness with spontaneous recovery and quick start - says Michele Brignole, director of the Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Tigullio (Blackboard) -. Loss of consciousness is usually brief (a few seconds to 2-3 minutes) and the mechanism that determines, in the face of different causes, is always a transient reduction in blood flow to the brain. It is not always easy to know if there really was transient loss of consciousness. For example, it may happen that an elderly person falls because of an apparent loss of consciousness, when maybe it's just stumbled and you do not remember the incident because in the confusion. So the first question is always whether there was a real loss of consciousness. The second step is to understand the cause and distinguish from other forms of syncope, transient loss of consciousness related, for example, seizures, poisoning, hypoglycemia. "

What are the possible causes of fainting?
"The most common are those syncopations neurally mediated reflex , which include the vasovagal , the situational and other less common forms. Syncope, especially common in young people, is the result of a neurological reflex that, in response to an emotional or painful stimuli, results in an abrupt vasodilation, decreased heart rate and the resulting lack of blood to the brain. Situational syncope may be related to several factors, such as severe cough, gastrointestinal stimulation (swallowing, defecation, abdominal colic), or to be followed by extreme fatigue. Another type of syncope is orthostatic hypotension , which occurs especially when it is long-standing or getting up suddenly. The pressure drops suddenly, the view is blurred, it falters. In some cases, this syncope, can be induced by certain drugs (antihypertensives) or dehydration. A third type of syncope, uncommon but potentially serious, is that from cardiac causes, due, for example, arrhythmias, or aortic stenosis. Finally, in 15-20% the cause remains unknown. "

What to do at the first signs of fainting?
"If you understand to be the next to faint, because the view is obscured, you start to sweat a lot, you feel sick and shaken, must lie down and raise your legs to facilitate the return of blood the heart. If you can not lie can help make simple maneuvers that raise the pressure. In most cases, after the episode, it is not necessary to make special investigations. Only about one in 10, especially when you suspect a heart problem would require further investigation and, sometimes, hospitalization. "

Tuberculosis among students: the alarm only nine months after the first three cases

Three cases of tuberculosis before the girl admitted all'Amedeo hours of Savoy in Turin. And 'what is ascertaining the Attorney analyzing the correspondence between the head of the department of Molinette attended by medical students of the fourth year of channel A and university organizations. February 3 was already reported (there is a letter written) in that course there were three cases of suspected tuberculosis. Despite this warning the course too and just started on October 28, after a hospital stay of twenty-two, have taken precautions.

FOUR CASES - Students could attend both the department of general medicine and hematology to where, however, immunocompromised patients are hospitalized and therefore likely to be infected. Precautions, however, provided for the suspension of students attending the fourth year of channel A only since last November 14. Not a single case, as the university through the mouths of some of its members would have told the local press. 4 but, as far as ascertained by a letter from primary to university leaders. The first, in July 2009: the same course, a girl of Cuneo curatasi then Genoa. Better not to know. Why does ASL has been involved only in the last case, that of the hospital? It's not that we tried to hide or underestimate how even reported?

OBLIGATION OF TESTS - Example of involution, both medical and cultural step back is sore at the time of thin TBC when it is synonymous with hunger and lifestyles not quite orthodox. But perhaps, given the global economic crisis, the return of this infectious disease is now considered historic and should make us think ... 'also obvious that no one collects health information about trainees, or when access to medicine or when the lanes are expected to attend. It speaks only of examinations required to hepatitis B. Incredible. In addition to any student in Italy is called hepatitis B. If there is an obligation, because students do not know anything? It 'a test done without their knowledge? There is actually a circular from the Ministry of Health in 2009, which equates to medical students and health care workers to trainees. Then be subjected to the same controls. And if the girl ammalatasi, whose diagnosis came when even the young coughing blood, it would be an occupational disease.

OBSERVATORY INFECTIOUS DISEASES - The investigation coordinated by the prosecutor Raffaele Guariniello is assessing deficiencies and promises new surprises. Meanwhile, other cases have been discovered: two of the staff of a company that works in the same hospital wards, others in different fields, in school, a girl in high school and two preschoolers. And the prosecutor, as done in the past for work-related cancers, has opened a Centre for Infectious Diseases. With particular attention to tuberculosis. Now, the cases must be reported. And perhaps the case would be to open one in each region, not forgetting the numerous cases of Lazio including the nurse's Gemini and the equally disturbing cases among health care workers in the Veneto.

Objective "zero" in the fight against AIDS

Zero deaths from AIDS, zero new HIV infections, zero discrimination for people living with AIDS: Getting to Zero , Getting to zero, is the slogan of World AIDS Day which is celebrated on December 1 in the world. An ambitious goal, but certainly not reached soon, and that he immediately raised the question? Where do we stand? According to estimates, in 2010, around the world, new infections have risen to 2.7 million deaths from AIDS and 1.8 million were still many, but these numbers are the lowest ever reached a peak of 'epidemic. The new infections were reduced by 21 percent since 1997, and more deaths by 21 percent since 2005.

MORE CARE - Even access to care has improved in developing countries: today 50 percent of the people, candidates for therapy, are treated with life-saving drugs. And the more care is early, the more it reduces the transmission of the virus through sexual contact. Prevention campaigns, diagnostic tests and anti-viral drugs (today there are at least thirty to personalize therapy) have done their part, but still not enough. The World wants to be a reference to the problem. It stimulates, at the national level, initiatives of various kinds. In Italy, the Ministry of Health organizes the AIDS Scratch Away (Shake off AIDS), a music festival to raise awareness among young people in prevention. The Lila, the Italian League for the fight against AIDS, launched its "AIDS. Protect yourself simply "to promote condom use. Cesvi, an Italian humanitarian organization, is celebrating ten years of its campaign to combat the disease in sub-Saharan Africa.

APP FOR-Nuke - The Nps Italy, the network of people living with HIV, HIV-Bookmark launches, the first application in the world for HIV, created in Italy and developed for the Android platform, iPhone, RIM (Blackberry OS) Symbian with nine features ( including the agenda for the management of therapy, the list of interactions between drugs, a database of the centers of infectious diseases). Asvi The Foundation presents the "Free 10 years to prevent maternal-fetal AIDS in Uganda." A number of proposals, therefore, that go in the direction of the "zero". Meanwhile the search continues to work. The more ambitious goal now is to find a real cure for the infection, which is able to heal and eliminate the virus from the body. Are two approaches: the "treatment sterilizing" and "functional cure".

THE PATIENT OF TRENTON - The first is based on gene therapy. After the patient's case in Berlin (one HIV positive patient who, after receiving a bone marrow transplant, he stopped taking anti-HIV drugs because the donor cells were "resistant" virus "), researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have tried to manipulate the white blood cells from an HIV positive person (known as the patient of Trenton) "silencing" the gene that produces the cellular receptor for the virus ((is the CCR5 receptor). Another group of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore and University of North Carolina are, however, experiencing two drugs that can eradicate the virus from the body, going to flush him out from his refuge where he remained silent. vorinostat and drugs are an antibody capable of blocking a protein called PD-1: both prevent the virus from "falling asleep" inside cells.

SAVE WITH THE CIRCUMCISION - Last as regards the economic aspects of fundamental importance in the fight against AIDS. Male circumcision, which has proved an effective method to reduce HIV infections in African populations, if applied on a large scale could save billions of dollars in health care. According to a study published in the journal Plos, with an investment of $ 1.5 billion, between 2011 and 2015 to reach 80 percent coverage of circumcision in 14 priority countries in Africa and $ 500 million to 'years, between 2016 and 2025, to maintain coverage, you would, between 2011 and 2025, a savings of 16.5 billion dollars in terms of lower costs of care.

Use the laptop wi-fi harm sperm?

Men beware the laptop with wireless connection, or at least place it as far away as possible from the reproductive organs may be enough in fact a portable wi-fi to damage sperm motility, with obvious and serious genetic effects. And 'This is the thesis suggested by a preliminary study of the Argentine-American , to say the truth rather than criticized, published in the journal Fertility and Sterility, but that should be stressed, will require further research to focus on whether the hypothesized relationship actually exists. According to experts involved in the experiment would be enough only four hours to the laptop using a wireless connection to damage the ability of sperm movement and cause changes at the genetic level.


STUDY - Researchers have used the seeds of twenty-nine volunteers, each sample was divided into two halves, one of which was placed in close contact with a laptop with wireless enabled, while the other was kept under identical conditions, but Private proximity of the handset. After four hours on 25 percent of sperm "connected" has lost its motility, while those from distant computer has fallen only 14 percent. Additional 9 percent of male semen exposed to wi-fi has shown DNA damage delivered, reaching a rate three times higher than the semen sample used as a comparison.

BLAME THE WI-FI? - "The data in our possession - wrote Conrado Avendano of Reproductive Medicine Nascentis of Cordoba, who led the study - we suggest you place a laptop computer connected to the Internet via wi-fi near the male reproductive organs can lead to a lowering of the quality of sperm. At the moment we do not know whether this effect is induced from any laptop, or what are the precise conditions that put it in motion. " According to the Argentinean-American team would be the responsibility of the wi-fi and electromagnetic waves that this entails. In support of this thesis was conducted a parallel test for which was always envisaged the use of a laptop, but this time connected through the wires. In this case, the electromagnetic variations were considered irrelevant.


THE OPINION OF EXPERTS - According to Silvio Garattini, director of the Institute of Pharmacological Research Mario Negri, "The study was conducted in-vitro conditions and therefore not comparable to what can happen in vivo. The sperm cells during the experiment were four hours out of the body where they have not had the protection provided to them by other cells, tissues and body fluids in which they are stored before ejaculation. Of the same opinion Allan Pacey, of Sheffield University, which calls for caution, taking note also that "epidemiological studies are needed for a much wider reach this conclusion and, as far as I know, nobody has yet made." And then maybe it would be enough to simply use common sense to understand that to stay four hours with the laptop on, resting on the thighs and maybe even connected to wi-fi, can not destroy the sperm, but certainly not good for everything else.

Diabetes, growth retardation and obesity are more disorders treated by pediatric endocrine

Diabetes, growth retardation and obesity are more disorders treated by pediatric endocrine, according to the Spanish Society of Pediatric Outpatient and Primary Care (SEPEAP). The latter is particularly worrisome because "the numbers have tripled childhood obesity and is estimated to have about 14 percent of the population," he explained from the society.

This condition, which predominates in males, can be extended to the adult stage in 20 percent of cases if left untreated until the patient reaches 4 years old. However, the chances increase to 80 percent if the child remains overweight during puberty.

Diabetes is a disease that often leads to chronic obesity. In children there is the type 1 or mellitus, and is one of the most common conditions during this life stage. Its incidence has increased by 3.8 percent this year, inflicting himself with children under 5 years. Currently diabetes cases detected every year in Spain are between 10 and 25 per 100,000 inhabitants.

The reasons for parents to visit the pediatric endocrine consultation was completed with the stunting of their children. However, only 5 percent of children with short stature have it for a cause endocrine. In fact, growth retardation is caused in most cases by a chronic disease. In addition, vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus can cause rickets.

To prevent all these diseases, SEPEAP recommends "achieve an appropriate self-restraint for the patient and their caregivers." Specializing in diabetes, those responsible for the cociedad explain that to handle it "should take into account three fundamental pillars: food, exercise and insulin."

Regarding hipocrecimiento, the experts attribute to inadequate diets. Also, consider that "going to increase as a result of increased survival in many chronic diseases." However, the SEPEAP clarifies that short stature is not a disease but a symptom.

INTERVIEW-US Regulators support device for diabetes

The Food and Drug U.S. (FDA, for its acronym in English) on Thursday released new guidelines for the development of a potentially revolutionary device to treat type 1 diabetes.

The guidelines are the result of months of negotiations between patient advocacy groups, medical device manufacturers and researchers working to develop an artificial pancreas, a complex system of pumps and sensors designed to automate the treatment of disease .

It remains unclear whether the rules will clear some doubts about whether the FDA would set standards too strict regulations that could hamper and delay access to computers.

"This guide was developed in order to account for innovation," Reuters said Charles "Chip" Zimliki, who heads an agency initiative to accelerate the availability of an artificial pancreas.

Zimliki said the new recommendations provide researchers and medical device manufacturers to adopt clearer guidelines clinical trials that could prove whether the computers are safe in the real world of patients.

"I think we're doing a good job in implementing these trials and we're showing a path that can lead to a safe and effective in the U.S.," he said.

Dr. Jeffrey Shuren, director of the Center for Devices and Health Radiological FDA said in a statement that the new guidelines "provide maximum flexibility for manufacturers looking to give this device to U.S. patients."

"We understand that the device could change the lives of millions of Americans with diabetes and we want our review of safety and effectiveness offer patients the confidence that the team works," said Shuren.

The devices are created to treat 3 million Americans with type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune disease in which the immune system destroys cells in the pancreas that produce insulin.

Formerly known as juvenile diabetes, type 1 diabetes is less common than type 2, the form of the disease linked to obesity and inactivity that affects 26 million people in the United States.

People with type 1 diabetes should monitor their blood sugar and take insulin several times a day to regulate and prevent complications such as diseases heart or kidney.